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Tarachand Ghanshyamdas : ウィキペディア英語版
Tarachand Ghanshyamdas
Tarachand Ghanshyamdas was a famous Marwari trading firm that flourished from 1791 to 1957.
〔Industrial Entreprenuership of Shekhawati Marwaris, D.K. Taknet, Kumar Prakashan, Jaipur, 1987 p. 76–80.〕
It is believed to have been responsible to introducing many of now famous Marwari clans from Shekhawati to national and international business field.
〔(What’s caste got to do with business? Vivek Kaul, DNA, 23 August 2008. )〕
The grandfathers of both G.D. Birla and Lakshmi Mittal worked for Tarachand Ghanshyamdas.〔(The Marwari business model-I, HARISH DAMODARAN, The Hindu Businessline, April 7, 2013. )〕
Tarachand Ghanshyamdas in 1870, had offices at Kolkata, Mumbai, Amritsar, the Malwa opium belt of Madhya Pradesh and elsewhere. Another great Marwari firm Sevaram Ramrikhdas employed, the RPG Group patriarch, Rama Prasad Goenka’s grandfather’s great-grandfather, Ramdutt. Its division resulted in independent branches at Kanpur, Mirzapur, Farrukhabad and Kolkata, the Singhanias are descendents of the Kanpur branch.〔(The Marwari business model-I, HARISH DAMODARAN, The Hindu Businessline, April 7, 2013. )〕
==Rise==

The firm initially dealt in woolen garments. In the early 19th century many Marwari merchants settled in the opium tracts of Malwa, amajority of them Shekhavati Aggarwals, connected to prominent merchants in Calcutta. Opium soon became a major commodity. The records of “Sevaram Ramrikhdas”, a Marwari firm based our of Mirzapur in 1830s show opium to have been their major commodity. Tarachand Ghanshyamdas had several branches in the opium tracts of Malwa. Opium sales were Legalized in Hong Kong in 1845 after the British defeated China in the First Opium War. The opium trade was expanded after the Second Opium War in 1860. Calcutta became an important market for opium trading after auctions in Bombay were discontinued in 1830s.
〔(Marwari Identity: Tracing Its Origin, OCCUPATIONS - Commodities Trading & Speculation - Opium, Nikunj, 1 September 2013 )〕
The founder of the family was Bugotee Ram (Bhagoti Ram), the treasurer or the fotedar (the term became poddar) of the nawab of Fatehpur, Rajasthan.〔(Popular Literature and Pre-modern Societies in South Asia, Surinder Singh, I. D. Gaur, Pearson Education India, 2008, p. 71 )〕
He was also a banker to the royal families of Jaipur, Bikaner, and Hyderabad. The Poddar family originally belonged to Churu, but when the local thakur imposed heavy tax on the wool trade, the Poddars moved to a village in 1791 in the domain of raja of Sikar and named it Ramgarh.〔(Ramgarh Origin )〕
Bhagoti Ram belonged to this clan.
Bhagoti Ram's son, Chaterbhuj, started branches in Amritsar, Bhatinda and Hissar. Chaterbhuj's son, Tarachand, added the trading of opium.〔(Prakash Narain Agarwala, Vikas Publishing House Private, Limited, 1985, pp. 216, 225, 226 )〕
Tarachand Ghanshyamdas was the greatest Marwari firm during 1860s and 1914 when it rivalled British companies in size.
〔(The desert breeding ground of India’s billionaires, Richard Orange, The Spectator, 5 September 2007 )〕
They took deposits, gave loans, engaged in the wholesale trade, transferred money for clients to distant cities, cashed bills of trade, insured shipments, as well as speculated on commodity futures.〔(The Oxford Companion to Economics in India, Edited by Kaushik Basu, Pages 141 - 145, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2007 )〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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